Almost every day you can find in media commentary that XYZ is causing stocks to fall (or rise). Such definitive statements are common—but what’s almost always missing is statistical proof. And if you ...

When you study statistics, new terms appear one after another. Standard deviation. p-value. Confidence interval. Correlation ...

IntroductionAt an elementary school, first, third, and fifth-grade students were given a kanji test common to all grades.

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered ...

Daniel Jassy, CFA, is an Investopedia Academy instructor and the founder of SPYderCRusher Research. He contributes to Excel and Algorithmic Trading. Amy is an ACA and the CEO and founder of OnPoint ...

Look up a stock symbol at most sites and you’ll get a number that represents the stock’s beta. This is a statistic that measures the variance of a stock against the overall market. In theory, ...

Correlation coefficients range from -1 to +1, indicating the strength of relationships between variables. Investors use correlation coefficients for portfolio diversification to reduce risk.